lines

MakieCore.lines Function

lines(positions)
lines(x, y)
lines(x, y, z)

Creates a connected line plot for each element in (x, y, z), (x, y) or positions.

NaN values are displayed as gaps in the line.

Plot type

The plot type alias for the lines function is Lines.

source

Dealing with outline artifacts in GLMakie

In GLMakie 3D line plots can generate outline artifacts depending on the order line segments are rendered in. Currently there are a few ways to mitigate this problem, but they all come at a cost:

• fxaa = true will disable the native anti-aliasing of line segments and use fxaa instead. This results in less detailed lines.

• transparency = true will disable depth testing to a degree, resulting in all lines being rendered without artifacts. However with this lines will always have some level of transparency.

• overdraw = true will disable depth testing entirely (read and write) for the plot, removing artifacts. This will however change the z-order of line segments and allow plots rendered later to show up on top of the lines plot.

using GLMakie
ps = rand(Point3f, 500)
cs = rand(500)
f = Figure(size = (600, 650))
Label(f[1, 1], "base", tellwidth = false)
lines(f[2, 1], ps, color = cs, fxaa = false)
Label(f[1, 2], "fxaa = true", tellwidth = false)
lines(f[2, 2], ps, color = cs, fxaa = true)
Label(f[3, 1], "transparency = true", tellwidth = false)
lines(f[4, 1], ps, color = cs, transparency = true)
Label(f[3, 2], "overdraw = true", tellwidth = false)
lines(f[4, 2], ps, color = cs, overdraw = true)
f

Attributes

alpha

Defaults to 1.0

The alpha value of the colormap or color attribute. Multiple alphas like in plot(alpha=0.2, color=(:red, 0.5), will get multiplied.

clip_planes

Defaults to automatic

Clip planes offer a way to do clipping in 3D space. You can set a Vector of up to 8 Plane3f planes here, behind which plots will be clipped (i.e. become invisible). By default clip planes are inherited from the parent plot or scene. You can remove parent clip_planes by passing Plane3f[].

color

Defaults to @inherit linecolor

The color of the line.

using CairoMakie
fig = Figure()
ax = Axis(fig[1, 1], yautolimitmargin = (0.1, 0.1), xautolimitmargin = (0.1, 0.1))
hidedecorations!(ax)

lines!(ax, 1:9, iseven.(1:9) .- 0; color = :tomato)
lines!(ax, 1:9, iseven.(1:9) .- 1; color = (:tomato, 0.5))
lines!(ax, 1:9, iseven.(1:9) .- 2; color = 1:9)
lines!(ax, 1:9, iseven.(1:9) .- 3; color = 1:9, colormap = :plasma)
lines!(ax, 1:9, iseven.(1:9) .- 4; color = RGBf.(0, (0:8) ./ 8, 0))
fig

colormap

Defaults to @inherit colormap :viridis

Sets the colormap that is sampled for numeric colors. PlotUtils.cgrad(...), Makie.Reverse(any_colormap) can be used as well, or any symbol from ColorBrewer or PlotUtils. To see all available color gradients, you can call Makie.available_gradients().

colorrange

Defaults to automatic

The values representing the start and end points of colormap.

colorscale

Defaults to identity

The color transform function. Can be any function, but only works well together with Colorbar for identity, log, log2, log10, sqrt, logit, Makie.pseudolog10 and Makie.Symlog10.

cycle

Defaults to [:color]

Sets which attributes to cycle when creating multiple plots.

depth_shift

Defaults to 0.0

adjusts the depth value of a plot after all other transformations, i.e. in clip space, where 0 <= depth <= 1. This only applies to GLMakie and WGLMakie and can be used to adjust render order (like a tunable overdraw).

fxaa

Defaults to false

adjusts whether the plot is rendered with fxaa (anti-aliasing, GLMakie only).

highclip

Defaults to automatic

The color for any value above the colorrange.

inspectable

Defaults to true

sets whether this plot should be seen by DataInspector.

inspector_clear

Defaults to automatic

Sets a callback function (inspector, plot) -> ... for cleaning up custom indicators in DataInspector.

inspector_hover

Defaults to automatic

Sets a callback function (inspector, plot, index) -> ... which replaces the default show_data methods.

inspector_label

Defaults to automatic

Sets a callback function (plot, index, position) -> string which replaces the default label generated by DataInspector.

joinstyle

Defaults to @inherit joinstyle

Controls the rendering at corners. Options are :miter for sharp corners, :bevel for "cut off" corners, and :round for rounded corners. If the corner angle is below miter_limit, :miter is equivalent to :bevel to avoid long spikes.

using CairoMakie

fig = Figure()
ax = Axis(fig[1, 1], yautolimitmargin = (0.05, 0.15))
hidedecorations!(ax)

joinstyles = [:miter, :bevel, :round]
for (i, joinstyle) in enumerate(joinstyles)
    x = (1:3) .+ 5 * (i - 1)
    ys = [[0.5, 3.5, 0.5], [3, 5, 3], [5, 6, 5], [6.5, 7, 6.5]]
    for y in ys
        lines!(ax, x, y; linewidth = 15, joinstyle, color = :black)
    end
    text!(ax, x[2], ys[end][2], text = ":$joinstyle",
        align = (:center, :bottom), offset = (0, 15), font = :bold)
end

text!(ax, 4.5, 4.5, text = "for angles
below miter_limit,
:miter == :bevel",
    align = (:center, :center))

fig

linecap

Defaults to @inherit linecap

Sets the type of line cap used. Options are :butt (flat without extrusion), :square (flat with half a linewidth extrusion) or :round.

using CairoMakie
fig = Figure()
ax = Axis(fig[1, 1], yautolimitmargin = (0.2, 0.2), xautolimitmargin = (0.2, 0.2))
hidedecorations!(ax)

linecaps = [:butt, :square, :round]
for (i, linecap) in enumerate(linecaps)
    lines!(ax, [i, i]; color = :tomato, linewidth = 15, linecap)
    lines!(ax, [i, i]; color = :black, linewidth = 15, linecap = :butt)
    text!(1.5, i, text = ":$linecap", font = :bold,
        align = (:center, :bottom), offset = (0, 15))
end
fig

linestyle

Defaults to nothing

Sets the dash pattern of the line. Options are :solid (equivalent to nothing), :dot, :dash, :dashdot and :dashdotdot. These can also be given in a tuple with a gap style modifier, either :normal, :dense or :loose. For example, (:dot, :loose) or (:dashdot, :dense).

For custom patterns have a look at Makie.Linestyle.

using CairoMakie
linestyles = [:solid, :dot, :dash, :dashdot, :dashdotdot]
gapstyles = [:normal, :dense, :loose, 10]
fig = Figure()
with_updates_suspended(fig.layout) do
    for (i, ls) in enumerate(linestyles)
        for (j, gs) in enumerate(gapstyles)
            title = gs === :normal ? repr(ls) : "$((ls, gs))"
            ax = Axis(fig[i, j]; title, yautolimitmargin = (0.2, 0.2))
            hidedecorations!(ax)
            hidespines!(ax)
            linestyle = (ls, gs)
            for linewidth in 1:3
                lines!(ax, 1:10, fill(linewidth, 10); linestyle, linewidth)
            end
        end
    end
end
fig

using CairoMakie
fig = Figure()
patterns = [
    [0, 1, 2],
    [0, 20, 22],
    [0, 2, 4, 12, 14],
    [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20],
    [0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12],
    [0.0, 4.0, 6.0, 9.5],
]
ax = Axis(fig[1, 1], yautolimitmargin = (0.2, 0.2))
for (i, pattern) in enumerate(patterns)
    lines!(ax, [-i, -i], linestyle = Linestyle(pattern), linewidth = 4)
    text!(ax, (1.5, -i), text = "Linestyle($pattern)",
        align = (:center, :bottom), offset = (0, 10))
end
hidedecorations!(ax)
fig

linewidth

Defaults to @inherit linewidth

Sets the width of the line in screen units

using CairoMakie
fig = Figure()
ax = Axis(fig[1, 1], yautolimitmargin = (0.2, 0.2), xautolimitmargin = (0.1, 0.1))
hidedecorations!(ax)

for linewidth in 1:10
    lines!(ax, iseven.(1:9) .+ linewidth, 1:9; color = :black, linewidth)
    text!(ax, linewidth + 0.5, 9; text = "$linewidth", font = :bold,
        align = (:center, :bottom), offset = (0, 15))
end
fig

lowclip

Defaults to automatic

The color for any value below the colorrange.

miter_limit

Defaults to @inherit miter_limit

Sets the minimum inner join angle below which miter joins truncate. See also Makie.miter_distance_to_angle.

model

Defaults to automatic

Sets a model matrix for the plot. This overrides adjustments made with translate!, rotate! and scale!.

nan_color

Defaults to :transparent

The color for NaN values.

overdraw

Defaults to false

Controls if the plot will draw over other plots. This specifically means ignoring depth checks in GL backends

space

Defaults to :data

sets the transformation space for box encompassing the plot. See Makie.spaces() for possible inputs.

ssao

Defaults to false

Adjusts whether the plot is rendered with ssao (screen space ambient occlusion). Note that this only makes sense in 3D plots and is only applicable with fxaa = true.

transformation

Defaults to automatic

No docs available.

transparency

Defaults to false

Adjusts how the plot deals with transparency. In GLMakie transparency = true results in using Order Independent Transparency.

visible

Defaults to true

Controls whether the plot will be rendered or not.