Theming
Makie allows you to change almost every visual aspect of your plots via attributes. You can set attributes whenever you create an object, or you define a general style that is then used as the default by all following objects.
There are three functions you can use for that purpose:
set_theme!
update_theme!
with_theme
set_theme!
You can call
set_theme!(theme; kwargs...)
to change the current default theme to
theme
and override or add attributes given by
kwargs
. You can also reset your changes by calling
set_theme!()
without arguments.
Let's create a plot with the default theme:
using CairoMakie
function example_plot()
f = Figure()
for i in 1:2, j in 1:2
lines(f[i, j], cumsum(randn(50)))
end
f
end
example_plot()
Now we define a theme which changes the default fontsize, activate it, and plot.
fontsize_theme = Theme(fontsize = 10)
set_theme!(fontsize_theme)
example_plot()
This theme will be active until we call
set_theme!()
.
set_theme!()
update_theme!
If you have activated a theme already and want to update it partially, without removing the attributes not in the new theme, you can use
update_theme!
.
For example, you can first call
set_theme!(my_theme)
and later update font and fontsize with
update_theme!(font = "Arial", fontsize = 18)
, leaving all other settings intact.
with_theme
Because it can be tedious to remember to switch themes off which you need only temporarily, there's the function
with_theme(f, theme)
which handles the resetting for you automatically, even if you encounter an error while running
f
.
with_theme(fontsize_theme) do
example_plot()
end
You can also pass additional keywords to add or override attributes in your theme:
with_theme(fontsize_theme, fontsize = 25) do
example_plot()
end
Theming plot objects
You can theme plot objects by using their uppercase type names as a key in your theme.
lines_theme = Theme(
Lines = (
linewidth = 4,
linestyle = :dash,
)
)
with_theme(example_plot, lines_theme)
Theming block objects
Every Block such as
Axis
,
Legend
,
Colorbar
, etc. can be themed by using its type name as a key in your theme.
Here is how you could define a simple ggplot-like style for your axes:
ggplot_theme = Theme(
Axis = (
backgroundcolor = :gray90,
leftspinevisible = false,
rightspinevisible = false,
bottomspinevisible = false,
topspinevisible = false,
xgridcolor = :white,
ygridcolor = :white,
)
)
with_theme(example_plot, ggplot_theme)
Cycles
Makie supports a variety of options for cycling plot attributes automatically. For a plot object to use cycling, either its default theme or the currently active theme must have the
cycle
attribute set.
There are multiple ways to specify this attribute:
# You can either make a list of symbols
cycle = [:color, :marker]
# or map specific plot attributes to palette attributes
cycle = [:linecolor => :color, :marker]
# you can also map multiple attributes that should receive
# the same cycle attribute
cycle = [[:linecolor, :markercolor] => :color, :marker]
# nothing disables cycling
cycle = nothing # equivalent to cycle = []
set_theme!(palette = (color = [:red, :blue], marker = [:circle, :xcross]), Scatter = (cycle = [:color, :marker],))
scatter(fill(1, 10))
scatter!(fill(2, 10))
scatter!(fill(3, 10))
scatter!(fill(4, 10))
scatter!(fill(5, 10))
current_figure()
set_theme!(palette = (color = [:red, :blue], linestyle = [:dash, :dot]), Lines = (cycle = Cycle([:color, :linestyle], covary = true),))
lines(fill(5, 10))
lines!(fill(4, 10))
lines!(fill(3, 10))
lines!(fill(2, 10))
lines!(fill(1, 10))
current_figure()
Covarying cycles
You can also construct a
Cycle
object directly, which additionally allows to set the
covary
keyword, that defaults to
false
. A cycler with
covary = true
cycles all attributes together, instead of cycling through all values of the first, then the second, etc.
# palettes: color = [:red, :blue, :green] marker = [:circle, :rect, :utriangle, :dtriangle]
cycle = [:color, :marker]
# 1: :red, :circle
# 2: :blue, :circle
# 3: :green, :circle
# 4: :red, :rect
# ...
cycle = Cycle([:color, :marker], covary = true)
# 1: :red, :circle
# 2: :blue, :rect
# 3: :green, :utriangle
# 4: :red, :dtriangle
# ...
Manual cycling using
Cycled
If you want to give a plot's attribute a specific value from the respective cycler, you can use the
Cycled
object. The index
i
passed to
Cycled
is used directly to look up a value in the cycler that belongs to the attribute, and errors if no such cycler is defined. For example, to access the third color in a cycler, instead of plotting three plots to advance the cycler, you can use
color = Cycled(3)
.
The cycler's internal counter is not advanced when using
Cycled
for any attribute, and only attributes with
Cycled
access the cycled values, all other usually cycled attributes fall back to their non-cycled defaults.
using CairoMakie
f = Figure()
Axis(f[1, 1])
# the normal cycle
lines!(0..10, x -> sin(x) - 1)
lines!(0..10, x -> sin(x) - 2)
lines!(0..10, x -> sin(x) - 3)
# manually specified colors
lines!(0..10, x -> sin(x) - 5, color = Cycled(3))
lines!(0..10, x -> sin(x) - 6, color = Cycled(2))
lines!(0..10, x -> sin(x) - 7, color = Cycled(1))
f
Palettes
The attributes specified in the cycle are looked up in the axis' palette. A single
:color
is both plot attribute as well as palette attribute, while
:color => :patchcolor
means that
plot.color
should be set to
palette.patchcolor
. Here's an example that shows how density plots react to different palette options:
using CairoMakie
f = Figure(resolution = (800, 800))
Axis(f[1, 1], title = "Default cycle palette")
for i in 1:6
density!(randn(50) .+ 2i)
end
Axis(f[2, 1],
title = "Custom cycle palette",
palette = (patchcolor = [:red, :green, :blue, :yellow, :orange, :pink],))
for i in 1:6
density!(randn(50) .+ 2i)
end
set_theme!(Density = (cycle = [],))
Axis(f[3, 1], title = "No cycle")
for i in 1:6
density!(randn(50) .+ 2i)
end
f
You can also theme global palettes via
set_theme!(palette = (color = my_colors, marker = my_markers))
for example.
Special attributes
You can use the keys
rowgap
and
colgap
to change the default grid layout gaps.
These docs were autogenerated using Makie: v0.17.13, GLMakie: v0.6.13, CairoMakie: v0.8.13, WGLMakie: v0.6.13